Product Highlights: Aspheric lens corrects spherical aberration, improving image quality. They feature varying curvature, unlike spherical lenses and spherical elements enhancing, enhancing precision.  Manufacturing methods include precision glass molding, precision polishing, and diamond turning, each with unique benefits and limitations. Material selection depends on application needs and manufacturing process compatibility.  Avantier offers comprehensive custom solutions, emphasizing precise specifications, material flexibility, and tailored designs. Selection criteria include application type and lens details.  Avantier’s manufacturing capability ensures precision, customization, and comprehensive support, vital for high-performance optics. Table of Contents The Complete Guide to Aspheric Lens Characteristics of Aspheric Lens Spherical Aberration Correction One of the most important features of aspheric lenses is their ability to correct for spherical aberration. Spherical aberration is found in all spherical lenses, such as plano-convex or double-convex lens shapes. However, aspheric lenses excel in focusing light to a precise point, resulting in minimal blur and enhanced image quality. Spherical Aberration is the consequence of the uniform curvature of the lens surface and not the result of a manufacturing error. The outer rays converge at a different focal point than the inner rays resulting in blurred or distorted images.  A spherical lens with a significant amount of aberration and an aspherical lens with almost no aberration can be seen(Figure 1). Aspherical Lenses address the issue by deviating from a perfectly spherical shape. An aspheric lens can be designed by modifying the curvature length and adjusting the conic constant and aspheric coefficients of the curved surface of the lens. By carefully shaping the lens, aspheric lenses ensure that all incoming light rays converge to a single focal point. minimizing spherical aberration and improving image quality.  Figure 1. Aspherical Lens (left) vs Spherical Lens (right) In Figure 1, the difference in focusing performance of spherical lenses and aspheric lenses is further explained by the table below.  It compares the performance of a spheric lens and an aspheric lens both with a diameter of 25mm and focal lengths of 25mm (f/1 lenses). The table presents a comparison of spot sizes, or blur sizes, for collimated 587.6nm light rays under different conditions: on-axis (0° object angle) and off-axis (at 0.5° and 1.0° object angles). The spot sizes of the asphere are significantly smaller, differing by several orders of magnitude compared to those of a spherical lens. Object Angle (°) 0.0 0.5 1.0 Spherical Spot Size (μm) 710.01 710.96 713.84 Aspheric Spot Size (μm) 71.43 3.91 8.11 Aspherical Lens Family Structure of an Aspheric Lens In various industries, ranging from automotive sensors and LED lighting systems to cutting-edge cameras and medical diagnostic devices, the significance of aspheric lenses is steadily growing. These lenses are part of the subset defined by rotationally symmetric optics with a radially varying radius of curvature. Aspheric lenses play an increasingly crucial role in various aspects of the optics, imaging, and photonics industries. This is attributed to the unique advantages they provide compared to traditional spherical optics  and spherical elements. Unlike spherical lenses, which can be specified solely by the radius of curvature that fluctuates radially from the center of the lens, aspheric lenses exhibit a surface with varying local radii of curvature. The definition of rotationally symmetric aspheres often involves a surface sagitta (the measure of the surface shape in relation to a plane), or sag, expressed through an even aspheric polynomial. Where: Z: sag of surface parallel to the optical axis s: radial distance from the optical axis C: curvature, inverse of radius k: conic constant A4, A6, …: 4th, 6th, … order aspheric coefficients When the aspheric coefficients are equal to zero, the resulting aspheric surface is considered to be a conic. The following table shows how the actual conic surface generated depends on the magnitude and sign of the conic constant, k. Additional Performance Advantages To achieve the necessary performance of an imaging lens, optical elements designers frequently resort to stopping down, or increasing the f/# of their design. Although the desired resolution goal is obtained, the approach results in a reduction in light throughput. Using aspheric lenses in the design, however, ​​improves aberration correction and enables the creation of high-throughput systems with low f/#s, while also maintaining excellent image quality. The following table compares two designs: an 81.5mm focal length, f/2 triplet lens (depicted in Figure 2) with all spherical surfaces and the same triplet with an aspheric first surface. Both designs utilize identical effective focal length, f/#, field of view, glass types, and total system length. The table provides a comparison of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at 20% contrast for on-axis and off-axis collimated, polychromatic light rays at 486.1nm, 587.6nm, and 656.3nm. The triplet lens with the aspheric surface demonstrates significantly improved imaging performance at all field angles with high tangential and sagittal resolution values, surpassing those of the triplet with only spherical surfaces by factors as high as four. Figure 2. Polychromatic light focused through a triplet lens Object Angle (°) All Spherical Surfaces Aspherical First Surfaces Tangential* Sagittal* Tangential* Sagittal* 0.0 13.3 13.3 61.9 61.9 7.0 14.9 14.9 31.1 40.9 10.0 17.3 14.8 36.3 41.5 “Tangential” and “Sagittal” units are both described as Benefit of Aspheric Lenses Unlike conventional spherical optics, aspheric lenses use less elements to enhance aberration correction. An example would be zoom lenses. Zoom lenses typically use ten or more elements while two aspheric lenses can be replaced for a handful of spherical lenses in order to achieve similar or better optical results. The system size and overall cost of production are also potentially reduced. Aspheric Surface Tolerances Surface Accuracy: Surface Accuracy is the measurement of how similar the intended shape is to the desired shape. There are many ways to measure and define surface accuracy and the errors that occur. The errors can be grouped into three categories depending on their frequency across the surface of a part: form errors, waviness, and surface roughness. Form error, or irregularity, is a low frequency variation or a larger-scale error. They are the most important and frequently specified